Autism is often like living in a world that feels too loud, too bright, and difficult to decode. For many people on the spectrum, this is everyday life. Yet autism isn’t only about the struggles, it’s also about acceptance, inclusion, and celebrating the unique strengths each individual brings. That’s why in this article, we’ll explore what Autism Spectrum Disorder really is, and why understanding it matters.
What is Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental condition that influences how a person communicates, behaves, and relates socially. Verywell Health notes that while it can present challenges in interaction and daily living, it also comes with unique strengths, perspectives, and abilities that shape how individuals experience the world.
ASD occurs as a result of differences in brain structure and function, which affect how an individual thinks, learns, and perceives their environment. Signs usually appear in early childhood, though some people are not diagnosed until later in life.
Autism is experienced differently by various people, hence a spectrum and can range from high-functioning autism to low functioning autism. Due to their neurodivergence, autistic people are often asocial. They do not understand social cues and prefer their own company. They are more logical and often try to reciprocate this in their environment. However, due to the complexity of emotions, they may find it difficult to express them. Some autistic people are independent while some benefit greatly from assistance in daily functioning.
Signs and Symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Certain signs and symptoms can be an indicator of autism but it is important to get a clinical diagnosis to be certain.
- Avoiding eye contact: Autistic people generally avoid eye contact because they are socially distant.
- Aversion to changes in routine: Autistic people love patterns and a disruption can make them overwhelmed.
- Hypersensitivity: Autistic people have heightened senses and can be easily overwhelmed by sound, light, or touch. They usually engage in repetitive behaviours (stimming) such as spinning, making loud noises, tapping with their hands and so on to cope in such situations.
- Difficulty expressing emotions: Generally, facial expressions depict emotions but autistic people think differently and typically express emotions with greater energy. For instance, when one is happy, one smiles while an autistic person might want to jump around. They realise this is abnormal and learn to mask their emotions.
- Social Disconnection: Common body language used in communication proves difficult for autistic people to comprehend. As a result, they often go against the norm.
- Fascination with logic: Autistic individuals love logic and always find ways to present this same logic in their environment. This also influences their interests as they are more drawn to fields that require thinking in a linear manner.
These are not the only signs and symptoms that can indicate autism. Note that autism is a spectrum and is expressed differently in various people. Early diagnosis is important to ensure autistic people are equipped with coping mechanisms to make daily tasks easier.
Causes of Autism Spectrum Disorder
You might be wondering what causes autism and how to prevent it. Sadly, there are no known causes of ASD but researchers have discovered factors that can contribute to the development of autism. However, it is unclear how exactly these factors contribute to the development of autism.
- Advanced parental age: Children conceived in old age can develop autism.
- Exposure to certain medications: Medications such as valproic acid and thalidomide, when taken during pregnancy, have been linked with a higher risk of autism.
- Genetic factors: A person with a family history of autism can develop autism. It is also possible for someone without a family history of autism to have autism due to changes in the individual's genes (genetic mutation).
Treatment and Management of Autism Spectrum Disorder
It is important to note that autism cannot be cured. Treatment is simply to manage symptoms and improve daily functioning. Autism is a spectrum and as such, treatment is tailored to individual needs.
Treatment typically involves a combination of therapies, medication, and support strategies. Therapies focus on anger management, family support, and modifying behaviours. Medication is to manage co-occurring conditions like anxiety and seizures.
With adequate treatment, people with autism can make the most of their strengths and manage challenges. This allows them to lead normal lives and excel in various fields.
Supporting People on the Autism Spectrum
Support from family and friends goes a long way in improving the lives of people with autism. However, dealing with them can be tough because it's difficult for them to communicate with others. You may wonder what to say and do at times. Here are a few tips that can help:
- Accept them: People with autism are atypical. Acknowledging their uniqueness makes them feel heard and seen.
- Be patient and kind: You must be ready to exercise patience in dealing with autistic people. Let your words and actions reflect kindness and stand up for them when you need to.
- Speak in plain terms: People with ASD find it difficult to understand playful jokes or sarcasm. Speak in literal terms.
- Take note of your environment: Avoid spaces that are too loud or too bright to keep them comfortable.
- People with autism should be treated with love and respect; they are humans with feelings.
Conclusion
An ASD diagnosis can trigger tough questions and difficult emotions. There’s so much to learn and it can be hard to know where to start. But that it's a disorder, doesn't mean it's wrong. Many people with autism spectrum disorder are successfully living and working and contributing to the well-being of others in their local communities.
If you suspect you or someone close to be autistic, it is important to seek help and take a step towards improving your life condition.
Check out our blog articles for insights, resources, and real-life stories on other related conditions.
If you need personalized support, there are professional licensed therapists, counselors, and psychologists available to work with you.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Is autism a disease?
Autism is not a disease. People with autism have a different brain structure, which means they may act differently. Those who believe it is a disease and seek a cure sometimes complicate matters.
Is autism a mental illness?
Unlike mental illnesses which develop later in life, autism is a condition you're born with. Another difference is in treatment, as mental illnesses have clearly defined medical treatments available, but there isn’t a medication that can cure autism.. However, people with autism have a higher risk of developing mental disorders.
Do autistic people lack empathy?
That they are asocial does not imply that they lack empathy. They have emotions but have a different way of expressing them. Autistic people are empathetic, they just might not express it the way you'd expect.
Are autistic people capable of forming lasting relationships?
While they may experience difficulties connecting with people, they are capable of forming strong, enduring relationships. Autistic people can have friends.
Is autism an intellectual disability?
Autism is a spectrum and people on the spectrum have different intellectual abilities.
Can autism be prevented?
Currently, there is no known way to prevent autism. However, early diagnosis and intervention can help individuals with autism develop coping strategies and improve quality of life.
Can people with autism succeed in their careers?
Yes. Many autistic individuals thrive in careers that align with their strengths, such as fields requiring attention to detail, logic, or creativity. With the right support, they can excel and make meaningful contributions.
